結論

胃腸道pH值和緩沖容量的種間差異是重要的考慮因素，尤其是對胃腸道給藥的pHresponsive配方和可電離藥物。 因此，兔子和豬的空腸、回腸和近端結腸具有相對較高的緩沖容量，而豬遠端結腸具有較低的緩沖容量是非常重要的考慮因素。 與人相比，大鼠、兔和豬的近端小腸和升結腸的液體的滲透壓和表面張力也較高。 胃腸道特征的這些差異導致潑尼松龍在大鼠體內的溶解度較高（近端結腸除外），而潑尼松龍在豬和兔體內的溶解度與人類相當。 因此，如果在大鼠的體液中測量，中性化合物潑尼松龍的溶解度可能被高估。 另一方面，可電離藥物美沙拉秦在兔和豬體內的溶解度在小腸中部高于人，在結腸中低于人，僅在小腸遠端與人相當。 胃腸道環境的差異，如pH值、緩沖容量、滲透壓和表面張力，導致藥物溶解度的差異。 在兔子和豬中，美沙拉秦的溶解度在沿胃腸道向下移動時發生顯著變化，這在很大程度上受管腔液的pH值和滲透壓的影響。

工具書類

1. Flaisher-Grinberg S et al. Models of mania: from facets to domains and from animal models to model animals. J Psychopharmacol 2010; 24: 437–438.

2. Insel TR. From animal models to model animals. Biol Psychiatry 2007; 62: 1337–1339.

3. Hannah-Poquette C et al. Modeling mania: further validation for Black Swiss mice as model animals. Behav Brain Res 2011; 223: 222–226.

4. Calabrese EJ. Gastrointestinal and dermal absorption – interspecies differences. Drug Metab Rev 1984; 15: 1013–1032.

5. Kararli TT. Comparison of the gastrointestinal anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of humans and commonly used laboratory-animals. Biopharm Drug Dispos 1995; 16: 351–380.

6. McConnell EL et al. Measurements of rat and mouse gastrointestinal pH, fluid and lymphoid tissue, and implications for in-vivo experiments. J Pharm Pharmacol 2008; 60: 63–70.

7. Ward FW, Coates ME. Gastrointestinal pH measurement in rats: influence of the microbial flora, diet and fasting. Lab Anim 1987; 21: 216–222.

8. Smith HW. Observations on the Flora of the alimentary tract of animals and factors affecting its composition. J Pathol Bacteriol 1965; 89: 95–122.

9. Clarysse S et al. Postprandial evolution in composition and characteristics of human duodenal fluids in different nutritional states. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98: 1177–1192.

10. Kalantzi L et al. Characterization of the human upper gastrointestinal contents under conditions simulating bioavailability/bioequivalence studies. Pharm Res 2006; 23: 165–176.

11. Fadda HM et al. Drug solubility in luminal fluids from different regions of the small and large intestine of humans. Mol Pharm 2010; 7: 1527– 1532.

12. Merchant HA et al. Assessment of gastrointestinal pH, fluid and lymphoid tissue in the guinea pig, rabbit and pig, and implications for their use in drug development. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 42: 3–10.

13. ToxNet. Mesalamine: Toxicology data network (ToxNet). US National Library of Medicine, CASRN: 89-57-6. 2014. (http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/ search2/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@ rel+89-57-6, last accessed 25th June 2014).

14. Machatha SG, Yalkowsky SH. Comparison of the octanol/water partition coefficients calculated by ClogP, ACDlogP and KowWin to experimentally determined values. Int J Pharm 2005; 294: 185–192.

15. McConnell EL et al. Gut instincts: explorations in intestinal physiology and drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2008; 364: 213–226.

16. Mudie DM et al. Physiological parameters for oral delivery and in vitro testing. Mol Pharm 2010; 7: 1388– 1405.

17. French DL, Mauger JW. Evaluation of the physicochemical properties and dissolution characteristics of mesalamine: relevance to controlled intestinal drug delivery. Pharm Res 1993; 10: 1285–1290.

18. Perez de la Cruz Moreno M et al. Characterization of fasted-state human intestinal fluids collected from duodenum and jejunum. J Pharm Pharmacol 2006; 58: 1079–1089. 19. Diakidou A et al. Characterization of the contents of ascending colon to which drugs are exposed after oral administration to healthy adults. Pharm Res 2009; 26: 2141–2151.

Delta-8 動物胃腸道體內中藥物的溶解度的測定——摘要、介紹

Delta-8 動物胃腸道體內中藥物的溶解度的測定——材料和方法

Delta-8 動物胃腸道體內中藥物的溶解度的測定——結果和討論

Delta-8 動物胃腸道體內中藥物的溶解度的測定——結論、致謝！